Time machines.
Time machines.
Judging by quantity of a taxi, in Moscow now 1939.
Remember an old joke? At Lenin we lived, as in a tunnel:
Saw light in the end. At Stalin, as in a tram: shivered. And
At Brezhnev - as in a taxi: the further, the more expensively...
That the truth, the truth: at Brezhnev was not only stagnation, but also
The present blossoming of a taxi in the country, and in Moscow especially. And
Now...
In colonies of a strict mode people expert speak about the conclusion:
"Day for a year". Impressions about a present Moscow taxi it is possible
To describe so: "rouble for copeck". Our economical people jump aside
From one kind of yellow cars with a green spark also hurries with
The lifted hand to brisk lines: poputku in capital to catch
Time to spit. Therefore every day a taxi in the Moscow streets
Becomes ever less. It is a little more, and many thousands
The army of private carriers will leave from "shashechek" small horns yes legs...
To passengers not to fat.
Advantages of a taxi know all: it and a safety guarantee, and
Call possibility on the house, and convenient salon... But all know and
Lack - the prices. And this lack quite suffices, that
To stop loving a taxi absolutely.
I, hurrying recently on the important meeting, have caught "shashechki" at Pure
Ponds also has asked to throw to hotel "п п я п п?п?п п я ".
- 8 roubles kilometre, - were pleased with the driver. Left, that road
Should manage a maximum in tridtsatku. But the counter of the taxi driver worked
"With great dispatch". And when in five minutes we have reached to a place (by the way,
Not to "Natsionalja", and to "Metropolja", as their driver "since the childhood
Confuses "), I have jumped out of a taxi as scalded, having paid 80 (!)
Roubles.
That that driver with the counter has made, I do not know. I know
Only, that the taxi driver who fairly uses the official
The tariff established by the government of Moscow (these are 7 roubles/km and 7
Roubles for planting), it is possible to find only in a madhouse.
Some taxi drivers at all do not hold the counter, even for
Scenery. One such (by the way, from municipal park) admitted
To me, that works exclusively under the contract with the passenger. That is
As a private trader. But the beret for a trip is twice-three times more expensive. For example,
The road from "Taganki" to street of 1905 to its measures costs 150
Roubles. And more he admitted, that its taxi pool is not spent at all on
Acquisition of counters. What for. Anybody after all as earlier, does not verify
Kilometric area with payment.
Meanwhile under the law each taxi driver and in general the person having
The licence for private carrying (such in Transport inspection of Moscow
It is registered... 14 persons), is obliged to have in the avto
Taximetre (that is the counter). It - like as a guarantee of that at
The driver there is a licence and it is responsible for health and a life
The passenger.
At us in Moscow, it appears, in general it is a lot of requirements to
To taxi drivers. They should know well a city, every morning to pass
Physical examination, but most of all I was surprised with that the taxi driver should
To give out to the passenger the check (!) for a trip on which should be FIO
The driver, time, the price and a transit. And by rules - do not give
The god the driver will shortchange or will demand tip. It is possible safely
To complain in a dispatching office where it will severely punish...
But do not hurry up to write slanders. Of taxi drivers now to complain
Not so much it is useless, how much it is guilty. To them it is necessary more likely
To concern as a rare dying out kind of animals.
Taxi business in capital in terrible decline. And if
To Muscovites it while is indifferent, officials already sound alarm from -
For shortages of a taxi in a city. Be not frightened: with personal transport at
All of them is perfectly in order. Business in other. Because of constant reduction
Cars with "shashechkami" the budget loses enormous money. And except
That, the taxi is if want, indispensable attribute
Civilised city. Not seeing them on road, the foreigner a priori
Considers us as savages...
The INQUIRY "MK". Official date of occurrence of the Moscow taxi
It is considered 1925 though taksomotory were in capital and earlier.
It is known, that in 1912 on Belokamennoj there went 220 taxi (in
Their Peter then was 328, in other large cities of Russia - from 3
To 10). Then to a taxi made such demands: "the reliable
The design which is not burdening passengers, passers-by and travellers
Noise and stench ". And taxi drivers should" be sober and is tidy
Are dressed, not to use abusive and obscene words ". After 1917
Year the "bourgeois" type of transport was gone from Moscow for a long time.
More precisely, till 1924 when Mossovet has made the decision on purchase
taksomotorov stamps "Reno" and "Fiat". The Fare was then 40
Copecks for kilometre at the average salary in 46 roubles. In 1925
In Paris was 16 thousand taxi, in London - 8,3 thousand, in Berlin -
8 thousand, and in Moscow - 120. And since 1933 the capital authorities
Have given road to the domestic manufacturer: "Gaza" gradually
Have superseded "Reno" and "Fiaty", and in the fifties the official
taksomotorom there was "Victory". Attributes of a taxi habitual nowadays
("shashechki" and a green spark) have appeared only in 1948. And to
The end of 80th years the quantity of a taxi promptly grew in Moscow. And
After privatisation the beginning to fall much more promptly...
Auction of unprecedented generosity.
Before privatisation in Moscow there was 21 municipal taxi pool.
After privatisation any clever official has decided, that is necessary
To allow to redeem to taxi drivers cars. Then they "will be in good
Hands "and to worry about their status it is necessary only to owners.
And in 1992 declared the big auction. Taxi "dared with
Counters ", as bread in blockade years. And taxi pools after the such
"Privatisations" remained with the broken trough. However, in 1995
To year "privatisation errors" in the Moscow government recognised. And
Luzhkov has allocated to taxi pools the credit in 30 million roubles on
Purchase of new cars (in many taxi pools by then
To one does not remain). But to return last greatness, are necessary
Years... Old vodily nearly with tears recollect times,
When on incomes of the Moscow taxi all land was fed
Public transport moreover sufficed and for salary ZILu...
In Moscow taxi blossoming has fallen to 80th years - more 20 thousand
Cars. Now remains 3 thousand avto with "shashechkami" on 9 million
Inhabitants. It was equal as much in 1939 on 4,5 million
Townspeople. And now to a city, that this type of transport though somehow
Justified the existence, it is necessary a minimum of 15 thousand taxi. And
Better 20-25 thousand. Yes where there... (For comparison: in Nju - York,
Similar to Moscow number of inhabitants and in the extent of roads, incomes
The budget from a taxi make about 30 % of incomes of all city
Transport. There now there are more than 50 thousand taksomotorov, which
Bring to a city in a year - fantastic figure! - about billion
Dollars.) but the laughter - in Moscow now remains...
10 official parking of a taxi. In their 1925 was 23.
However, simple Muscovites, for which money in the budget -
Concept abstract, in this occasion do not suffer, as
"The black market" services of private carrying prospers. On most
To modest calculations, "bomb" in capital without the licence nearby 40
Thousand drivers.
- To struggle with them it is almost impossible. Transport inspection not
Consults, - the deputy chief of department makes a helpless gesture
Transport and communication Mr. Tchernikov.
The INQUIRY "MK". New York, by the way, too suffers from "bombed" -
There so-called Gipsy taxi about 5-20 thousand. But special service
Checks at all suspicious taxi drivers of the licence and counters. For
Their absence - the penalty 100-500 "green". Our penalty - 2-5
The minimum monthly salaries, yes it almost to anybody and not
Write out.
Half-dead munitsipaly...
The Moscow taxi pools represent a sad show.
They as if the imperial children unexpectedly deprived of the maintenance. After
Privatisation by it had to study to earn: to hand over
The areas in rent to be engaged in a commercial sink of cars etc. Who
Of course, remained afloat. But the majority has actually died.
According to researches of scientists and spetsov Managements of transport and
Communications, at 3 of 21 taxi pools of Moscow are not present till now the own
The taxi, and in the others park makes 12-300 cars, then
As capacities allow to contain and serve several times
It is more than cars. But where them to take? Seven enterprises are in
"Precritical" or "crisis" status. Experts name
Developed situation "clinical death".
The correspondent "MK" has visited one of such "crisis"
Taxi pools - 5th. On a twist of fate, here once was
The first is lighted in capital "a green spark". And now in the covered
Pavilion of park of 164 cars (once was 600), and it is considered
"Well" - after the well-known auction within three years was not
Any. Only in 1995 there was "economy" from four
"Muscovites". Luzhkov with the credit, on which now has then helped
Monthly it is necessary to pay percent... Expenses in general
It is a lot of.
- Monthly rent "devours" 1,5 million roubles,
Municipal payments - 270 thousand. Every third earned
The rouble goes on taxes. No privileges at us are present. A monthly turn -
2,5 million, - the director of park Gennady Nikonenko complains. - To us
There is nothing to update park, and it is necessary to change a taxi at least time in
Five years.
One more trouble of all taxi pools of Moscow - catastrophic
Shortage of drivers. Once, when to be the taxi driver was considered
Prestigiously, on job took only every fifth. Now -
The first comer with the rights and the inquiry from a polyclinic. On
To principle "if only not the drunk". In 5th TMP on 164 "steering-wheels" of all 110
Steam of hands. Last year half of time of the car have staid without
Affairs because of what the park has not gathered additionally 5 million roubles.
Job in the Moscow taxi pools is searched basically by inhabitants
Moscow suburbs, but long are not late - here the 12-sentry the worker
Day with one day off in a week. In 7 mornings the driver takes away
The car, in 7 evenings returns, having paid rent (460 roubles for
"Volga" and 380 roubles for "Muscovite"). Earned from above goes in
Pocket vodily.
- In day I receive roubles on 700, - have told to me one
The driver. - I will give rent, to the master a hand I will gild... Remain
Copecks. And if who breaks to me a headlight, expenses on me...
And headlights beat often.
- In profitable places - at stations, the airports, at a casino,
Restaurants, hotels - to our drivers to work do not give. The first
Time will warn, and on the second already beat glasses or lower tyres, -
Speaks Nikonenko.
Therefore drivers get out. As - see above. Especially
That to owners of a taxi pool all the same, whether drivers use
Counters. This business of transport or tax inspections,
Which have not time to follow taxi drivers.
... And unfortunate private traders.
It would seem, to private concerns it should be much easier. After all
They are free to establish the tariff (usually firms use
Hourly payment - about 160-300 rbl./hour). But far from it.
They too hardly make ends meet.
- Now and the former municipal taxi pools, and private concerns in
Equally unprofitable conditions, - the director speaks
"Mosavtolegtransa" Tatyana Grigoriev. - one have a base, but
It is not enough cars, others have everything, but the lion's share of incomes leaves on
Rent.
- This not too profitable business, - admitted to me the general director
One private concern Marina Ivanovna. - Apartment precisely you will not buy,
Even on the south once again you will not go.
Some private traders too not in a status to update the park.
Rent costs a fantastic sum, and parking (as well as presence
avto) it is obligatory for licence reception. To many firms
It is necessary to spit on licence requirements. How? They
Look for drivers with cars. Behind health of the such anybody drove
Does not watch. And more it is a lot of behind what.
- If the firm does not have park, it already a signal: most likely
There is no also a licence, - speaks Grigoriev. - besides, each firm
Should have the contract with a polyclinic where taxi drivers pass
Physical examination. And before departure on a car line should examine
The mechanic who will respond if will let out the faulty car.
- It is marasmus, - speak firmachi. - To our drivers it is unprofitable
To come on job drunk or to go on razvaljuhah.
They watch and the health, and behind checkup. And
Bear responsibility before passengers. You write is better, how
Transport inspection carries out ostensibly training of drivers - only
Money extorts. Cash registers from us demand, and we and so the check
We give out through the dispatcher. And taximetres to us what for? They kilometric area
Measure, and we work on time. But that is not present
Counters, fine.
If municipal taxi drivers leave in a city in searches
Clients the majority of private traders works by request. In that
Number the firms which do not have licences. Such in capital in general a pond
prudi. I have found for ten announcements only in one newspaper.
- What licence? - Were surprised by phone. - the Car
Will reserve?
- Just about, - speaks Grigoriev. - husbands of pregnant women will plant
Wives on phone also earn a steering-wheel. To us constantly complain.
Recently the passenger calls: carried roundabout ways, have shortchanged.
It was found out: firm at which it called a taxi, - not firm. And
If failure? The taxi driver will respond before the client, "bombed" -
No.
But also state officials, and private traders are uniform in one: for Moscow it is necessary
The law on a taxi. Its project two is pickled a year in Gordume, and
While it is not present, the situation comes nearer to a dead point.
"Muscovite" - a find for the moron.
Analysts from transport Management together with scientists from MADI
Recently have carried out research of the taxi market of capital.
(To them nobody was engaged in it.) scientists have developed
The computer program of the account of the enterprises and transport. It
Allows to define for few seconds under number of its car
The owner and even (!) legality of employment by carrying. The program,
Speak, it is already successfully applied in Transport inspection. But
The cars having signs of a taxi are subject to the control basically
(A cash register, "shashechki", special colouring). For a private trader
To watch basically too it is possible, but... It is necessary to spend the long
Shadowing and to suffice it for a hand. And to it ("bombily" can go
Easy) nobody is engaged. Also will be engaged very much at a distant day.
From all avto which are engaged in private carrying in capital,
Only 9 % are under control (belong to transport agencies) and
Work regularly. Such taxi, according to experts,
Are necessary to Muscovites. According to the authorities, too. But... Than to involve
The passenger, if not the prices? And they yet do not plan to reduce
Tariffs. It will occur only when the taxi becomes enough
Much, officials speak. But in the mayoralty seriously think over that,
How to strengthen the control for "bombilami".
By the way, in Moscow already wished to forbid private carrying, but and
Have not solved, as it to make. Money for system creation are necessary
The control over taxi drivers, struggle against illegal carrying, and where them
To take?
Though - an exit like would think up. Officials suggest to give out
Licences for transportations on competition that will lead to increase
Costs of licences. Besides, to sell to wishing "pobombit"
To the population special counters on the right of employment by carrying. And when
There will be money, it will be possible to think and of quality of service.
After all the reference with passengers in our taxi - a separate song. In
The western countries it is enough to sit down, and the driver is obliged implicitly
To carry you though 200 metres. Also it is possible even to complain that at
It dirty hands.
But while by "culture of carrying" in Moscow mean only
Development of system of the order of a taxi on the house. If earlier except
The central dispatching office each taxi pool had the, now
Of radio communication each park can brag not. For capital it is necessary
Uniform multichannel service of a call of a taxi with easily remembered
Number. By the way, such is already in many cities situated near Moscow, and
They enjoy wide popularity of the population.
City heads think and over what stamp can in
The future to represent the Moscow taxi. Alas - while patriotism
Wins reason. Many western companies are ready to help us,
But, according to officials of the mayoralty, the car with "shashechkami" in
To Moscow "Muscovite" can be called only. At taxi pools -
Considerably other opinion.
- The god with you, I never to bear such cross has disagreed!
- The director of one park has told to me. - "Muscovites" though stand
More cheaply but to repair them is where more expensively. Our drivers them take
Reluctantly, though rent of "Muscovite" costs in day on 70 roubles
More cheaply, than "Volga". One word: the stuff is stuff...
What to told to add? Unless phone of the central
Dispatching office of orders of a taxi "Mosavtolegtransa": 928 68-68. Yes
The telephone hotline of Transport inspection where it is possible to learn, has
Whether the licence taksofirma in which you have addressed:
451-92-36.
Trouble at us, citizens, with green lanterns. Not that that with
The red...
Ekaterina Pitchugin.
<$>
//* an information Source: the Moscow member of the Komsomol, 6.04.01
//* Reg. Nom. - 1110400084.28-------------------------------------------
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