PASSIONS OF COUNT NIKOLAY.
PASSIONS OF COUNT NIKOLAY.
Chambers and farmsteads of China-town.
Streets of China-town are twice shorter than that last from the Kremlin
To the Garden ring. At night they are deserted. Anybody in houses does not live.
But in the past the picture was other. Before revolution here was
About 20 thousand permanent residents. In the evening of a window not gasli. Light
Lodgers of hotels, rooming house lighted. From them
There were forgotten names - "the Kaljazinsky farmstead",
"The Suzdal farmstead", "the Slavic market"... There are no they more. When
Still streets of Moscow zapestrjat, as in old time, names, attractive
For visitors. Should and to appear at us not only amazing
Hotels, but also hundreds hotels to everyone on a pocket. As in Paris and
Rome...
What is the farmsteads? They served in medieval Moscow
Inns also belonged to the monasteries located
Far from capital. Were called as their names. A Troitsk farmstead
Owned to laurels Trinity-sergieva, Iosifovsky - Iosifo-Volokolamsk
Monastery... Stop in them could not only monks. With
Farmstead time have turned to hotels or trading houses.
On Nikolsky, 8, to one address of "the Chizhovsky farmstead"
Shops, offices and hotel appeared. Need in the similar
Complexes it was great, profit so big, what even the such
Rich and notable aristocrats as columns Sheremetevy, have handed over in
Rent patrimonial possession and a surname - to "the Sheremetevsky farmstead".
It today - on reconstruction, revives. The former count
Possession on Nikolsky, 10, is built closely up. Ivan Kondratyev in
"To hoary antiquity of Moscow", published in 1893, with grief wrote:
"Now Sheremetev's house far not what was earlier even to
The sixtieth years. The house was in depth, and before it
The extensive court yard fenced with a perfect lattice was spread. The house
Had a huge porch on which the huge cut sparkled
Lanterns. The building represented three parties of a square, adjoining with
One party (from the West) to possession CHizhovyh. With this
The parties also were premises of chambers. In the sixtieth years on
Lines of Nikolsky street on an empty place of the house it has been built
New three-storyed building which has covered ancient chambers ".
The perfect lattice, sparkling lanterns and ancient chambers not
Have resisted under the pressure of "Iron Age", have given way to the profitable
To houses. Precisely such history has occurred in other possession,
Belonging to notable surnames. At the best aristocrats
Leased buildings where did not live, in the worst - sold
All: both the real estate, and the earth.
At chamber on Nikolsky winter of 1730 broke into tears
Natalia Sheremetev. By it carried a coffin with a body of young Peter II,
Died suddenly from a smallpox. Andrey Pervozvannogo's award bore it
The groom and the closest friend of the late emperor prince Ivan
Dolgoruky to which needed to live not for long before fierce execution -
Quarterings.
Among "baby birds of a nest of Petrov" Pushkin has remembered the hero Poltava
Fights of the field marshal "Sheremetev noble". Its descendants lived on
Nikolsky in magnificent chambers, which to us never any more
To see, as all other ancient buildings which have turned in
Usual modern houses.
To the son of Poltava hero Peter Sheremetev Moskva it is obliged
Memorial estate "Kuskovo". The grandson of field marshal Nikolay has left
Other monument of a surname - in Ostankine. There it was saved
Remarkable museum-palace, whereas similar manors in
Kuzminkah, Lublin are plundered by crowd and the state. From the father
Nikolay has inherited passion to art, especially - theatrical.
It was shown more strongly thirst of the power and riches, as
It was heated by love to the woman.
Vechor late from lesochka
"Hi, the lovely beauty,
I home drove cows.
From what you have sat down? "
- Has only gone down to rucheechku
"Your favour the peasant",
- Near our village,
I responded it.
- I see: the barin goes from a field,
"Whether you, my pleasure,
Two doggies ahead.
Egor for the son asked?
Two footmen behind.
It you at all does not cost,
Only it has overtaken me,
Not to that you are born.
Has thrown the look on me:
You were born the peasant,
Tomorrow there will be a madam! ".
There are different variants of this ancient national song,
Attributed Praskove ZHemchugovoj. All could be how in
To song. But left differently. Before to become the madam, the bride
The richest groom of empire, the girl, the daughter of the humpbacked rural
The smith, has passed the school based by the count. She has learnt under
Management of the best teachers to sing and dance, actor's
To skill, Italian and French, refined manners. In 11
Years - the role of the servant, a year later - a leading role has played.
The girl became the tonic of theatre and a beloved of the count who has forgotten
Former night circulations on bedrooms of actresses. Communication with the serf,
"une de esdaves", one of its slaves as spoke in the higher
Light, has turned to sense of existence, the life purpose.
For the sake of a beloved of columns has left Kuskovo, that anybody from it
Rural acquaintances could not reproach serf past.
Nikolay Sheremetev has constructed in Ostankine by last word
Architecture and technicians new theatre where star parashi has begun to shine.
It has fascinated talent, mind and female charm not only
The column, but also many contemporaries, including Paul Pervogo, the friend
Sheremetev's childhood. The emperor and metropolitan Moscow Platon
Have supported the count, decided to neglect class prejudices
And to marry the serf actress. The countess it became, on it
To words, "after a twenty years' habit to each other", in 33 years.
Means, to "get used" to the future wife thirty-year Nikolay
Petrovich the beginnings when to it 13 years were executed. After wedding a family
Has moved to Petersburg. There Praskovja Sheremetev has not for long lived and
Has died in twenty days after a birth of the son who has inherited
Kuskovo, Ostankino, possession in Moscow.
On Nikolsky there was one more musical theatre of the count,
Which as write, competed with Petrovsky (future Big)
Theatre, amazed foreigners with game, scenery and technics.
Entrepreneur Meddoks paying in treasury the tax from gathering,
Complained to the tsar of Sheremetev, that that takes away from it spectators.
(Serf theatres in Moscow then was from above 50!) In
Colds at city theatre were played by the same troupe, which in the summer
Acted in manor situated near Moscow. Actors moved on
Nikolsky, on winter apartments where the place sufficed all, so
It is great possession SHeremetevyh was stretched. In their hands has passed after
Peter Sheremetev's marriages the next possession of princes Cherkassk, about
Than reminds the name of the Big Cherkassk lane.
In count manor there lived actors, artists, musicians. Them
Made related a serf status. The count disposed of destiny of all, and
Not always the life of talented people developed well at all
Advantages SHeremetevyh. They have cancelled corporal punishments, gave
Serf higher education, possibility to be improved for
Border. But did not give freedom. So Nikolay Sheremetev has arrived with
Stepan Degtyaryov, the opera singer, the actor, the conductor and
The composer acting under a surname Degtjarevsky. To study
To music of columns has sent it to Italy, has appointed the main conductor
Orchestra, the chorus master of theatre and a singing chapel, has entrusted
Training of singers and musicians. Also ruled in writing over the
Offices: "At the teacher of concerts Stepan Degtyaryov for a giving it
To extraneous people of concerts to subtract from the salary five roubles and
To give to chorister Chapovu for the announcement of this ". In a year paid
To the serf maestro of 177 roubles of 70 copecks, whereas the invited
From abroad to musicians - 10 times more, on 1225-1800
Roubles! The glory to Degtyaryov has come after execution written by it
First Russian oratorio "minin and Pozharsky, or Clearing
Moscow ". The success was so great, that performance was necessary
To repeat. Newspapers then wrote: "Applause accompanied
Everyone piesu oratorios ". An orchestra and chorus in 200 persons operated
The composer, and not received a manumission. About it has not remembered in
The will the late count. Degtyaryov has died in poverty in Sheremetevsky
strannopriimnom the house (nowadays - Institute of first aid of a name
Sklifosovsky), constructed by the inconsolable count in memory of the liked
To the wife.
Its museum portrait in a red shawl has written Nikolay Argunov.
Six artists have entered into history of Russian art and
Architects Argunovyh which was born in bondage. Their jobs are exposed
In palaces Kuskova and Ostankina where they carried out many orders.
On this basis at the Soviet power manor in Ostankine
Named "a museum of creativity of serfs". Though, of course, it
The big exaggeration, as Kamporezi, others
Known masters in Europe, created ensemble of a world class,
Were not born serfs.
The count have appointed Ivan Argunova the managing director, have entrusted it storage
Jewelry, but time for art did not leave. His son
Architect Paul Argunov supervised over building in Ostankine. In
Its relation there was such command: "... While will not get off
All in my rooms job, in skatertnoj not to have table Argunovu ".
It had to fulfil duties of the supervisor in a garden,
To watch for "guljalshchikami", that they "fruit, vishen, currants
And raspberries did not tear ". Nikolay Argunov and his brother Jacob have received
Manumission after years after death of the count.
Grandiose theatre for parashi hardly was has not arisen on
The Nikolsky. Here is how writes about it Igor Grabar:
"Before starting construction of the Ostankinsky palace,
Nikolay Sheremetev has conceived to build a huge palace-museum in Moscow
On a place of one of the houses, carrying the name "Chinese"
Across China-town or "Nikolsky" on Nikolsky street. Started
As some kind of "a palace of arts", it, according to the founder, should
Was to be meeting of the best products of painting, a sculpture and
Decorative art. Magnificent halls intended for
Concerts, and at specially constructed theatre should be given
Performances ".
This idea was replaced by other project which was realised in
Ostankine. And on Nikolsky the theatre has arisen after two hundred years. But
Before it has occurred, there were many events and episodes,
Connected with other nice people. The neighbour of the count one time was
The author "Poor Lizy" Nikolay Karamzin. The half-lives best
Years, the great historian, the writer, the journalist, the poet has lived in Moscow,
Where so badly honour memory of him. In a city there is no monument, is not present
One memorial board in its honour. It is filled up "Lizin a pond" at
Simonov of a monastery, houses where he lived are broken. Karamzin's name
The street in Yasenevo, whereas a summer residence in line of the modern is named
It removed cities in Sviblove. Almost all compositions and many affairs,
Glorified his name, are connected with Moscow. In it Karamzin studied,
Twice married, published magazines and almanacs where has printed
"Poor Lizu", mourned not only the author, but also contemporaries.
Eight volumes (from twelve) "Russian State Histories"
Are written to the life period in Moscow. "A note about the Moscow
Sights "it is considered the first Moscow cultural -
The historical guidebook. In "Travel round Moscow"
The first route on a native land is laid. (Under impression
Read after centuries I travelled three years on foot around
Moscow also has written the book about all Moscow suburbs.) "poor
Lizu "Karamzin is studied by schoolboys. Not all know its verses about
Another Lize, written till Pushkin's birth. This girl has given up
To the rich barin, "the full general", has given a hand and heart
To "promised":
Lize the promised has told:
Liza! Be for ever mine! "
"A rank I not the general
And no riches I have,
But to like you I am able.
Here the perfect has sighed,
At the kind has looked
Also has told: "I yours"!".
On Nikolsky Karamzin has lodged in the summer of 1800 before
Marriage. The young liked wife has died a year later after
Births of the daughter. Unfortunate went on foot behind a coffin from Sviblova to
Moscow. Becoming the widower, has replaced apartment. That house have broken, when
Churches standing nearby and walls of China-town pulled down. Waste ground in
The end of street recently has filled shopping centre "п п я я п п я я ".
It is not known, where exactly on Nikolsky the ingenious actor lived
Mochalov. And it, as ZHemchugova, the son of serfs. His father, Stepan
Mochalov who has received a manumission, resulted in "amazement and admiration"
The expert and the critic of theatre Sergey Aksakov, the author "Family
The chronicle "and" the Childhood of the Bagrova-grandson ". It is difficult to name all
The well-known contemporaries who have left enthusiastic responses about
To game of his son at Small theatre. The nature has allocated Peter Mochalov
Magnificent appearance, temperament and wonderful voice,
Bewitching, hypnotising, raising public. It
Title roles - Othello are played in Shakespeare's great tragedies,
The king Lyre, Richard III, Romeo. But, according to Belinsky,
"Hamlet", where mochalovsky "the genius was a celebration of its talent
Has divided with Shakespeare glory of creation of Hamlet ". Mochalov played
To the drama composed by it "Circassian", was engaged in the theory of theatre and
Wrote lyrical verses.
Composed, published verses and philosopher Nikolay Stankevich, still
One short inhabitant of China-town.
Sons of Fatherland by whom the predatory enemy is trampled,
You have rescued Russian throne - to you glory dostojane!
To you the best monument - gratitude of citizens,
To you a monument - Russia sacred sushchestvovane.
Not verses in honour of minina and Pozharsky, not tragedy "Vasily
Shuisky ", recognised weak, has entered their young author the name in
Annals of Russian culture. Stankevich, the victim from a consumption in 27
Years, has had time to influence minds of the most known contemporaries -
The Moscow writers and scientists. According to Belinsky, it "always
And for all was authority, because all voluntary and involuntarily
Understood the superiority of its nature over the ".
In mug Stankevicha all got under spiritual influence of it
The young philosopher, "the charismatic person", as now
Speak. He lived in 1835 on Nikolsky, 23, in saved,
But the reconstructed house. Five years after Nikolay Stankevich has died in
Italy where to it have not helped neither Mediterranean sea, nor dazzling
The sun.
I write also all I recollect the late editor, Jury Mihajlovicha
Davidov, the erudite and the scribe. Once in its number there was my sketch
With heading "China-town". Just then the small has burst
War with "the brother for ever" for a certain island on border. Has looked
The editor on me it is furious also a feather stroke has cut down heading:
"What else China in Moscow!" But the sketch has published.
Lion Kolodnyj.
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//* an information Source: the Moscow member of the Komsomol, 5.12.01
//* Reg. Nom. - 1111200044.29-------------------------------------------
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